CT angiography | STROKE MANUAL

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger´s disease)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger´s disease) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 29/01/2024, published on 10/05/2023 [toc] Definition Buerger’s disease (also known as thromboangiitis obliterans) is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental inflammatory disease that most commonly affects small and medium-sized arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities cerebrovascular involvement is rare but has ... Read more

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Ehlers-Danlos syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/01/2024, published on 09/05/2023 [toc] Definition and pathophysiology Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue disorders characterized by hyperelastic skin, hypermobile joints, and vascular and other tissue fragility defects in connective tissue cause the signs and symptoms, which range ... Read more

Stroke and migraine

Young female migraineur complained of prolonged visual aura and vertigo followed by migrainous headache. DWI demonstrated small cortical infarction in the right occipital lobe

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATOGENESIS Stroke and migraine David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/11/2023, published on 17/02/2023 [toc] migraine is the most common neurological disorder, affecting 10-15% of the adult population there is increasing evidence of an association between migraine and vascular disease (ischemic stroke, subclinical brain lesions, cardiac events, and vascular mortality) [Lee, 2016] ... Read more

Endovascular and surgical treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis

Successful recanalization of the transverse sinus with the Penumbra catheter. Sagittal sinus remained obstructed despite repeated attempts

CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS Endovascular and surgical treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 30/04/2024, published on 20/11/2022 [toc] in the clinical trials, 10-15% of the patients treated with heparin had a poor outcome patients with extensive thrombosis may benefit from recanalization treatment: if no improvement is observed with anticoagulation treatment in patients ... Read more

Anatomy of cerebral arteries

ADD-ONS / ANATOMY Anatomy of cerebral arteries David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/05/2024, published on 10/11/2022 [toc] This chapter provides a summary of the fundamental aspects of cerebral vascular anatomy that are essential for stroke physicians and neurosonologists in their clinical practice. Anatomical variants of extracranial and intracranial arteries are discussed in a separate chapter. For ... Read more

Hypertensive crisis

GENERAL THERAPIES / ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION Hypertensive crisis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 20/01/2024, published on 03/11/2022 [toc] Definition a hypertensive crisis is a medical emergency characterized by a sudden and severe elevation in blood pressure the cut-off values are not universally established and are arbitrary (usually > 180/120 mmHg) the rate of BP elevation seems to ... Read more

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

NEUROIMAGING / MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 05/01/2024, published on 27/05/2022 [toc] MR imaging is based on the behavior of atoms (most often - H, P, and Na) in the magnetic field structures generating low signals are hypointense; structures generating high signals are hyperintense; tissues producing no signal are ... Read more

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs)

NEUROIMAGING / MAGNETIC RESONANCE Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 12/02/2024, published on 11/04/2022 [toc] 2020 - Consensus Guidelines of the French Society of Neuroradiology (SFNR) on the use of Gadolinium-Based Contrast agents (GBCAs) and related MRI protocols in Neuroradiology contrast agents facilitate the relaxation of hydrogen protons in water, thereby shortening the ... Read more

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)

Eden´s test (costoclavicular TOS syndrome)

ADD-ONS / OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 05/11/2023, published on 15/02/2022 [toc] The anatomic condition of the upper thoracic aperture, with or without additional external factors, predisposes to chronic pressure damage to the brachial plexus and vascular compression. This is particularly true for its caudal portion. Since the exact ... Read more

Radiation-induced vasculopathy

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENSIS Radiation-induced vasculopathy David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/03/2024, published on 14/02/2022 [toc] Patients after head and neck radiotherapy should be regularly monitored with ultrasound to detect carotid steno-occlusive disease radiation therapy (RT) plays an important role in managing both primary and metastatic tumors structures such as the brain, cranial nerves, ... Read more