Spot sign

The black hole sign (BHS) is a non-contrast CT scan marker of increased risk of bleeding progression and a predictor of poor outcome in patients with ICH.

Developmental venous anomaly (DVA), also known as cerebral venous angioma, is characterized by the caput medusae sign of veins draining into a single larger collecting vein, which drains into either a dural sinus or into a deep ependymal vein

In Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA), amyloid proteins accumulate in the walls of cerebral arteries. CAA increases the risk of intracerebral bleeding and dementia.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) account for approx.10-15% of vascular malformations. Most DAVFs are supplied by the ECA and drained into the intracranial venous sinuses or cortical veins

The capillary teleangiectasia is the second most common vascular malformation after venous angioma. It is composed of dilated capillaries which are separated with normal brain tissue.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation is an aggressive subtype of CAA with characteristic radiological findings. Because immunosuppressive therapy is effective, timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial.