CT angiography | STROKE MANUAL

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE)

NEUROIMAGING Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 05/01/2024, published on 08/12/2021 [toc] contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare neurological complication that occurs during or after the use of a contrast media in various angiographic procedures such as coronary angiography, diagnostic cerebral DSA, carotid angioplasty, and EVT in acute stroke patients (Chu, 2020) it ... Read more

Cardioembolic stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Cardioembolic stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 01/01/2024, published on 06/12/2021 [toc] cardioembolism occurs in 20-30% of stroke patients (some recent data suggest up to 50%) approximately 50% of cardioembolic strokes are due to atrial fibrillation (Afib or AF) [Jabaudon, 2004] the most common source is the left atrium or ... Read more

Neurosonology and the brain death diagnosis

TCCD in cerebral circulatory arrest (CCA) detection

NEUROIMAGING / NEUROSONOLOGY Neurosonology and the brain death diagnosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 02/02/2024, published on 29/11/2021 [toc] Introduction brain death and cerebral circulatory arrest (CCA) are not identical conditions brain death is a clinical diagnosis characterized by the irreversible loss of all brain functions, including those of the brainstem several mechanisms lead to brain ... Read more

Balloon Test Occlusion (BTO)

NEUROIMAGING / DSA Balloon Test Occlusion (BTO) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 16/03/2024, published on 29/04/2021 [toc] acute internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is associated with a high risk of ischemic neurological deficits (20-49%) (Seet, 2012) in a meta-analysis of 20 studies of patients with ICA occlusion, the annual risk of stroke was 5.5% (2.1% ipsilateral). ... Read more

Definition and etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE Definition and etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 29/04/2024, published on 29/03/2021 [toc] Definition, epidemiology subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a clinical syndrome caused by bleeding into the subarachnoid space (located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain) traumatic SAH occurs due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) non-traumatic ... Read more

Diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

The straight sinus thrombosis with bithalamic venous infarction

CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS Diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 12/03/2024, published on 07/04/2020 [toc] establishing the diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is often difficult in the early stages; the temporal course and clinical symptoms are variable and often nonspecific focal neurological symptoms typically occur in association with venous ... Read more