stroke | STROKE MANUAL

Cancer-related stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Cancer-related stroke [toc] cancer patients are at increased risk of not only venous (VTE) but also arterial thromboembolism (ATE), including stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) [Mulder, 2021] [Babak, 2015] stroke is not the most common complication of cancer-associated thrombosis; the hazard ratio (HR) for stroke is ~ 1.44 [Paterson, ... Read more

Intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ACUTE THERAPY Intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/11/2023, published on 22/10/2021 [toc] All patients with suspected acute stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) require immediate clinical evaluation to establish the diagnosis and to determine eligibility for intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is the standard ... Read more

MR-DWI in the acute stroke diagnosis

Hemorrhagic transformation (DWI with T2 blackout)

NEUROIMAGING / MAGNETIC RESONANCE MR-DWI in the acute stroke diagnosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/05/2024, published on 24/05/2021 [toc] Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a common MRI sequence used to evaluate acute ischemic stroke. Increased DWI signal in ischemic brain tissue is usually observed within minutes of arterial occlusion. Technical notes ischemia leads to diffusion restriction ... Read more

Hemorrhagic Complications in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Bleeding classification after Stroke and Reperfusion Therapy (ECASS II)

ADD-ONS Hemorrhagic Complications in Acute Ischemic Stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 03/03/2024, published on 26/04/2021 [toc] hemorrhagic complications are a serious concern in acute ischemic stroke; they can be divided into two main categories: early hemorrhagic complications - occurring within 24 hours of stroke onset most commonly due to reperfusion injury when a blood clot ... Read more

Computed tomography (CT) in stroke diagnosis

NEUROIMAGING / COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Computed tomography (CT) in stroke diagnosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 02/01/2024, published on 21/03/2021 [toc] computed tomography (CT) is essential in the management of patients with acute neurological deficits because of its rapid acquisition and immediate availability of results, it is usually the primary imaging modality used to rule out bleeding ... Read more

Acute symptomatic seizures

OBECNÉ POSTUPY Acute symptomatic seizures David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 20/05/2024, published on 20/05/2024 [toc] a seizure is defined as a transient symptoms resulting from abnormal synchronous (epileptic) neuronal activity in the brain acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) occur in temporal association with an ongoing brain disorder occur usually in the first 7-10 days after the onset ... Read more

Lesions of the corpus callosum

GENERAL NEUROLOGY Lesions of the corpus callosum David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 18/05/2024, published on 14/05/2024 [toc] corpus callosum facilitates communication between the two hemispheres and integrates motor, sensory, and cognitive information isolated lesions of the corpus callosum are rare and may represent transient responses to injury or myelination abnormalities more common butterfly lesions involve the ... Read more

Vestibular neuritis

ADD-ONS / SPECIAL NEUROLOGY Vestibular neuritis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 15/05/2024, published on 12/05/2024 [toc] vestibular neuritis (vestibular neuronitis) probably results from inflammation of the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve typical presentation includes vertigo, nausea, and gait imbalance; symptoms typically last several days it is the 3rd most common cause of peripheral vertigo ... Read more

Management of intracranial hypertension

GENERAL NEUROLOGY Management of intracranial hypertension David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 10/05/2024, published on 10/05/2024 [toc] intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a critical condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) above the normal range (commonly used threshold is > 20 mmHg or 27 cm H2O) it results from various etiologies such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, tumors, or hydrocephalus ... Read more

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

GENERAL NEUROLOGY Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 02/05/2024, published on 30/04/2024 [toc] TTP is a severe form of thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and multiple organ dysfunction caused by thrombosis in the microcirculation it belongs to the group of primary thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) together with, e.g., hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) ... Read more