dwi | STROKE MANUAL

Cerebral cavernous malformation

INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE / VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS Cerebral cavernous malformation David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 22/03/2024, published on 20/06/2023 [toc] Definiton cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a well-circumscribed accumulation of dilated, thin-walled vessels that affect the brain only a layer of endothelium and subendothelial stroma is present; smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers are absent the pathogenesis of ... Read more

Stroke mimics

ISCHEMIC STROKE Stroke mimics David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 23/03/2024, published on 24/05/2023 [toc] stroke is a medical emergency presenting with focal neurological deficits; stroke mimics are non-vascular conditions that present with symptoms similar to those of stroke incidence of stroke mimics is ~3-10% [Okano, 2018] [Winkler, 2009] [Scott, 2003] [Tsivgoulis, 2011] the most common ... Read more

Primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATOGENESIS Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 15/02/2024, published on 24/05/2023 [toc] Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), also known as primary central nervous system vasculitis, is a rare autoimmune disease affecting exclusively the blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord ... Read more

Subclavian (vertebral) steal syndrome

Grades of subclavian (vertebral) steal on Doppler ultrasound

NEUROIMAGING / NEUROSONOLOGY Subclavian (vertebral) steal syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 16/03/2024, published on 13/05/2023 [toc] steal syndrome (or phenomenon), in general, is a phenomenon where blood flow is redirected ("stolen") from one area to another, typically due to collateral circulation or the presence of a high-flow A-V shunt subclavian steal syndrome, also known as ... Read more

Fabry disease

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Fabry disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/12/2023, published on 10/05/2023 [toc] Etiopathogenesis Fabry disease (FD) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder that can cause severe damage in multiple organs, particularly the kidneys and heart first described by Anderson and Fabry in 1898 as angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (also known ... Read more

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Ehlers-Danlos syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/01/2024, published on 09/05/2023 [toc] Definition and pathophysiology Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue disorders characterized by hyperelastic skin, hypermobile joints, and vascular and other tissue fragility defects in connective tissue cause the signs and symptoms, which range ... Read more

Inherited thrombophilia and ischemic stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Inherited thrombophilia and ischemic stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 07/11/2023, published on 02/05/2023 [toc] Thrombosis is the process of forming a blood clot (thrombus) inside veins or arteries venous thrombosis - characterized by reduced blood flow (stasis) and hypercoagulability (which happens when plasma clotting factors are activated and their ... Read more

Hematologic disorders associated with ischemic stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Hematologic disorders associated with ischemic stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 11/01/2024, published on 02/05/2023 [toc] hematologic disorders cause a relatively small proportion of all ischemic strokes (∼ 1% in the general population and ∼ 4% in young patients) in contrast to cerebral venous thrombosis, the relationship between coagulation abnormalities ... Read more

Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 24/03/2024, published on 19/04/2023 [toc] individualized stroke prevention is based on the presumed underlying etiology ( patients with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis can be treated with CEA, while patients with cardioembolic infarcts caused by AFib are treated with anticoagulants) the use ... Read more

Assessment and classification of atherosclerotic plaques

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOLOGY Assessment and classification of atherosclerotic plaques David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 18/11/2023, published on 18/04/2023 Atherosclerosis atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic, progressive systemic disease affecting the arterial wall that is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries the disease involves the accumulation of lipids, calcium, and other blood components ... Read more