CT angiography | STROKE MANUAL

Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 24/03/2024, published on 19/04/2023 [toc] individualized stroke prevention is based on the presumed underlying etiology ( patients with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis can be treated with CEA, while patients with cardioembolic infarcts caused by AFib are treated with anticoagulants) the use ... Read more

Complications of endovascular procedures

NEUROIMAGING Complications of endovascular procedures David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 21/03/2024, published on 14/04/2023 [toc] endovascular procedures are a cornerstone in the minimally invasive treatment of vascular disorders, encompassing a broad spectrum of interventions from diagnostic angiography to therapeutic endovascular aneurysm repair, stent placement, or thrombectomy while these techniques offer significant benefits, they are not without ... Read more

Neurological complications during extracorporeal circulation

Multiple emboli on DWI after surgery in ECC

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOPATOGENESIS AND CLASSIFICATION Neurological complications during extracorporeal circulation David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 11/01/2024, published on 14/04/2023 [toc] neurological complications of cardiac surgery are serious, increasing mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs fatal cerebral infarction and severe diffuse encephalopathy with dementia represent the extremes in the spectrum of disabilities that can result ... Read more

Brain death diagnosis

ADD-ONS Brain death diagnosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 25/04/2024, published on 10/04/2023 [toc] Brain death definition brain death (BD) is defined as the irreversible loss of all brain functions (including the brainstem), regardless of the continued function of the cardiovascular system and other organs Etiology traumatic brain injury (TBI) stroke global cerebral hypoxia/anoxia (post-CPR conditions) ... Read more

Blend Sign

Blend sign David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 21/04/2024, published on 25/02/2023 early hematoma growth is observed in approximately one-third of the patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) the blend sign (BS) on baseline non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is a marker of increased risk of hemorrhage progression and a predictor of poor outcomes in patients with ICH ... Read more

Vertebrobasilar steno-occlusive disease

ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Vertebrobasilar steno-occlusive disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/01/2024, published on 06/02/2023 [toc] the vertebrobasilar (VB) system (also called posterior circulation) comprises the subclavian, vertebral, and basilar arteries and their branches; it supplies the cervical spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, and occipital lobes → anatomy of cerebral arteries posterior circulation is frequently ... Read more

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome

Cerebral hyperfusion syndrome - enhancement on FLAIR (HARM)

ADD-ONS Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 24/04/2024, published on 04/02/2023 [toc] Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome (CHS) is a clinical condition characterized by a significant increase in cerebral blood flow that exceeds the autoregulatory capacity of the brain, leading to a spectrum of neurological symptoms CHS can occur within hours to days after a ... Read more

Carotid artery web

ISCHEMIC STROKE Carotid artery web David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/03/2024, published on 12/01/2023 [toc] Definition the carotid artery web (CaW) is characterized by a thin fibrous membrane extending from the posterior wall of the carotid bulb into the lumen, just above the bifurcation it is considered a variant of fibromuscular dysplasia [Kim, 2019] various synonyms ... Read more

Neuroimaging in pediatric stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE Neuroimaging in pediatric stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 27/02/2024, published on 09/12/2022 [toc] pediatric stroke is increasingly being recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality over 75% of children suffer long-term neurological deficits mortality ~ 10% 19% recurrence within 5 years it has a unique presentation (that may delay correct diagnosis) ... Read more

Anatomical variants of cerebral arteries

Hypoplastic vertebral artery (VA) terminating as PICA. Hypoplastic A1 segment and fetal PCA.

ADD-ONS / ANATOMY Anatomical variants of cerebral arteries David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 10/04/2024, published on 24/11/2022 [toc] Overview of anatomical variants Variants in the arrangement of blood vessels supplying the brain are quite common. While they are often of minor clinical significance, their knowledge and recognition are essential if surgical or endovascular treatment in the ... Read more