CT angiography | STROKE MANUAL

Diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage

INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE Diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 07/03/2024, published on 27/11/2023 [toc] for patients presenting with stroke-like symptoms, rapid neuroimaging using CT or MRI is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) the detection of intracerebral bleeding itself by imaging methods is easy; the diagnostic evaluation is focused on ... Read more

Mechanical recanalization in acute stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ACUTE THERAPY Mechanical recanalization David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 10/04/2024, published on 26/11/2023 [toc] 2019 - ESO - ESMINT Guidelines on Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke 2019 - AHA/ASA Acute Ischemic Stroke Introduction mechanical recanalization (thrombectomy or endovascular treatment) is an essential method for treating large vessel occlusions (LVO) the goal is ... Read more

Cerebral collateral circulation

Extracranial anastomoses in ICA occlusion. Reverse flow is seen in the right ACA.

ADD-ONS / ANATOMY Cerebral collateral circulation David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 24/04/2024, published on 01/10/2023 [toc] cerebral collateral circulation refers to a backup network of blood vessels that stabilizes cerebral blood flow when primary arteries supplying an area of the brain become stenosed or occluded hypoperfusion may be caused by atherosclerosis, embolism, hemodynamic compromise, or a ... Read more

Overview of imaging modalities for an Acute Stroke

E-CTA (Brainomix) shows the left ICA and MCA occlusion

IMAGING METHODS Overview of imaging modalities for an Acute Stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/11/2023, published on 14/09/2023 historically, neuroimaging in patients with acute-onset neurological deficits has been used primarily to exclude hemorrhagic and nonvascular etiologies (e.g., neoplastic, infectious, etc.). over time, neuroimaging has become an essential part of acute stroke management and is used ... Read more

Spinal cord vascular disorders

ADD-ONS / OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS Spinal cord vascular disorders David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 01/02/2024, published on 14/07/2023 [toc] Spinal cord vascular disorders usually present as neurologic emergencies and cause significant morbidity. Vascular causes include infarction, hemorrhage, and manifestation of various malformations. In the case of sudden lower limb paraparesis or tetraparesis, urgent imaging studies are ... Read more

Vasospasms after subarachnoid hemorrhage

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE Vasospasms after subarachnoid hemorrhage David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/03/2024, published on 11/07/2023 [toc] vasospasms (VSPs) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are provoked by blood in the subarachnoid space. The breakdown products lead to changes in the arterial wall involving cytokines, inflammatory response, free radical production, and others ⇒ arterial contraction or structural changes with ... Read more

Vertebrobasilar stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE Vertebrobasilar stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 24/03/2024, published on 20/06/2023 [toc] posterior circulation strokes account for 20-25% (range 17-40%) of ischemic strokes posterior (vertebrobasilar) circulation includes the vertebral (extra- and intracranial), basilar, and posterior cerebral arteries, as well as their branches it supplies the posterior regions of the brain (brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, and ... Read more

Topical diagnosis of stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE Topical diagnosis of stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 23/02/2024, published on 20/06/2023 [toc] Topical diagnosis in stroke refers to the localization of ischemia within the brain based on clinical signs and symptoms and neuroimaging. This approach helps to differentiate between different stroke subtypes, such as cortical versus subcortical strokes, or to identify specific ... Read more

Takayasu arteritis

ISCHEMIC STROKE / VASCULITIS Takayasu arteritis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 29/01/2024, published on 24/05/2023 [toc] Etiology Takayasu arteritis, also known as "pulseless disease, is a rare inflammatory disease primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches predominantly occurs in young oriental women (female-to-male ratio 8:1) etiology is unknown, but cell-mediated immune mechanisms are involved histology ... Read more

Subclavian (vertebral) steal syndrome

Grades of subclavian (vertebral) steal on Doppler ultrasound

NEUROIMAGING / NEUROSONOLOGY Subclavian (vertebral) steal syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 16/03/2024, published on 13/05/2023 [toc] steal syndrome (or phenomenon), in general, is a phenomenon where blood flow is redirected ("stolen") from one area to another, typically due to collateral circulation or the presence of a high-flow A-V shunt subclavian steal syndrome, also known as ... Read more