toast | STROKE MANUAL

Dyslipidemia

ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Dyslipidemia David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 12/04/2024, published on 20/02/2023 [toc] 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk Definition of dyslipidemia the previously used term hyperlipidemia is now replaced by the broader term dyslipoproteinemia or dyslipidemia (DLP), which better reflects the fact that the pathology ... Read more

Lacunar stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOLOGY Lacunar stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 15/03/2024, published on 02/12/2022 [toc] lacunar stroke (lacunar cerebral infarct - LACI) is defined as a small subcortical lesion ≤ 1.5 cm in diameter, resulting from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries penetrating arteries originate at sharp angles from larger vessels, making them anatomically susceptible ... Read more

Acute stroke in anticoagulated patient

ISCHEMIC STROKE / THERAPY Acute stroke in an anticoagulated patient David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/11/2023, published on 18/04/2022 [toc] anticoagulants have become the mainstay of stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib) or other potential sources of cardioembolism however, despite anticoagulant therapy, ischemic stroke can occur, and we then face two basic scenarios: the ... Read more

Chinese Ischemic Stroke Subclassification (CISS)

Chinese ischemic stroke classification (CISS)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION Chinese Ischemic Stroke Subclassification (CISS) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 05/11/2023, published on 12/04/2022 [toc] classification of an acute ischemic stroke has a significant impact on patient care, secondary stroke prevention, and stroke research the most popular and widely used stroke classification system is the TOAST other established systems include: A–S–C–O classification ... Read more

Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS)

Carotid angioplasty and stenting - follow up CTA

ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 27/03/2024, published on 27/01/2022 [toc] ~ 10-20% of ischemic strokes are caused by significant carotid stenosis (TOAST 1) the risk of stroke or vascular death with symptomatic ICA stenosis >70% is up to 26%/2 years, depending on symptoms, gender, and severity of ... Read more

Management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis

ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/04/2024, published on 03/01/2022 [toc] carotid artery atherosclerotic disease (CAAD or CAD) is a substantial stroke risk factor (classified as TOAST 1) extracranial carotid artery stenosis is associated with ~ 20% of ischemic strokes classification of carotid artery disease asymptomatic x symptomatic ... Read more

Stroke in young adults

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Stroke in young adults David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 12/01/2024, published on 17/12/2021 young adults stroke = stroke in persons aged 18 to 55 years some authors specify an upper age limit of 45 or 49 years young adults comprise 10%–15% of all stroke patients, with a significant increase after ... Read more

Cryptogenic stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS CRYPTOGENIC STROKE David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 11/04/2024, published on 17/12/2021 [toc] Definition of cryptogenic stroke cryptogenic stroke (CS) = a stroke of unknown etiology (a diagnosis of exclusion) TOAST 5 (no strict diagnostic algorithm defined) ASCOD (Atherosclerosis, Small Vessel Disease, Cardiac Causes, Other, and Dissection) CCS (Causative Classification ... Read more

TEST – registration

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 09/11/2023, published on 04/04/2021 1. Evaluation of ischemic stroke etiology 1.1 Brain imaging 1.2 Vascular imaging 1.3 Arrhythmias detection 1.4 Cardiac imaging 1.5 Laboratory tests 2. Classification of ischemic stroke 2.1 Pathophysiologic classification 2.2 Etiologic classification 2.3 Classification based on ... Read more