stroke | STROKE MANUAL

Management of intracerebral hemorrhage

Repeated lobar hematomas in patient with CAA

INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE Management of intracerebral hemorrhage David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/04/2024, published on 20/08/2023 [toc] The INTERACT3 trial (2023) showed that timely administration of a care bundle that included early intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure, strict glucose control, treatment of fever, and rapid reversal of abnormal coagulation resulted in reduced disability, lower mortality rates, ... Read more

Other vascular risk factors

ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Other vascular risk factors David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 25/04/2024, published on 28/07/2023 [toc] early detection and management of cardiovascular risk factors is a priority for adequate primary and secondary stroke prevention in addition to usual factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and smoking, other significant risk factors have been ... Read more

Spinal cord vascular disorders

ADD-ONS / OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS Spinal cord vascular disorders David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 01/02/2024, published on 14/07/2023 [toc] Spinal cord vascular disorders usually present as neurologic emergencies and cause significant morbidity. Vascular causes include infarction, hemorrhage, and manifestation of various malformations. In the case of sudden lower limb paraparesis or tetraparesis, urgent imaging studies are ... Read more

Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION)

Papilledema in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

ADD-ONS / OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/01/2024, published on 11/07/2023 [toc] Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (ION) is a condition characterized by significant visual impairment due to ischemia of the optic nerve ION is the second most common optic nerve disease after glaucoma in patients over 50 years of age ... Read more

Transient monocular vision loss

ADD-ONS / OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS Transient monocular vision loss David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 01/02/2024, published on 11/07/2023 [toc] Anatomy notes ophthalmic artery (OA) is the first major branch of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and it usually arises from its supraclinoid segment various anomalies of OA origin have been reported (from the cavernous segments of ... Read more

Vasospasms after subarachnoid hemorrhage

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE Vasospasms after subarachnoid hemorrhage David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/03/2024, published on 11/07/2023 [toc] vasospasms (VSPs) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are provoked by blood in the subarachnoid space. The breakdown products lead to changes in the arterial wall involving cytokines, inflammatory response, free radical production, and others ⇒ arterial contraction or structural changes with ... Read more

Vascular risk factors

ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Vascular risk factors David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 11/04/2024, published on 26/06/2023 [toc] The early detection and management of cardiovascular risk factors is crucial for effective primary and secondary stroke prevention Overview of cardiovascular risk factors Vascular risk factors Non-modifiable risk factors (cannot be changed) previous stroke person’s age older people have ... Read more

Ischemic penumbra

ISCHEMIC STROKE Ischemic penumbra David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 24/04/2024, published on 20/06/2023 [toc] Concept of ischemic penumbra the extent of brain damage during a stroke depends on the severity and duration of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) disorder → Regulation of cerebral blood flow within the ischemic area, two major zones of injury are identified ... Read more

Malignant cerebral infarction

ISCHEMIC STROKE / COMPLICATIONS Malignant Cerebral Infarction David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 10/05/2024, published on 20/06/2023 [toc] AHA/ASA Guidelines 2014 Definition malignant cerebral infarction = extensive infarction with significant space-occupying brain edema causing intracranial hypertension typically occurs in young patients with large vessel occlusion (ICA and MCA), posterior circulation strokes (mainly cerebellar infarcts), and unsuccessful revascularization (Hawkes, ... Read more

Cerebral cavernous malformation

INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE / VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS Cerebral cavernous malformation David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 22/03/2024, published on 20/06/2023 [toc] Definiton cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a well-circumscribed accumulation of dilated, thin-walled vessels that affect the brain only a layer of endothelium and subendothelial stroma is present; smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers are absent the pathogenesis of ... Read more