tia | STROKE MANUAL

Vasculitis

Takayasu arteritis - wall enhancement on contrast enhanced black blood sequences

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATOGENESIS Vasculitis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 02/03/2024, published on 24/05/2023 [toc] connective tissue disorders and vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of diseases that may have various manifestations, including stroke vasculitis is characterized by inflammation of the walls of blood vessels and may affect vessels of any size it is a ... Read more

Primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATOGENESIS Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 15/02/2024, published on 24/05/2023 [toc] Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), also known as primary central nervous system vasculitis, is a rare autoimmune disease affecting exclusively the blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord ... Read more

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)

DSA finding in PAN (renal, hepatic and mesenteric arteries)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOPATOGENESIS / VASCULITIDES Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 05/02/2024, published on 24/05/2023 [toc] Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic panmural necrotizing vasculitis affecting medium-sized and small arteries large arteries, capillaries, and venules are not affected [Stone, 2002] middle-aged and older men are most commonly affected (prevalence ∼ 30 per 1 ... Read more

Takayasu arteritis

ISCHEMIC STROKE / VASCULITIS Takayasu arteritis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 29/01/2024, published on 24/05/2023 [toc] Etiology Takayasu arteritis, also known as "pulseless disease, is a rare inflammatory disease primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches predominantly occurs in young oriental women (female-to-male ratio 8:1) etiology is unknown, but cell-mediated immune mechanisms are involved histology ... Read more

Regulation of cerebral blood flow

Correlation between cerebral blood flow and mean arterial pressure

ADD-ONS Regulation of cerebral blood flow David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 05/11/2023, published on 16/05/2023 [toc] the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical for ensuring that the brain receives a steady supply of nutrients and oxygen despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure the brain, weighing ∼ 1400 g (∼2% of total body weight), has substantial ... Read more

Temporal arteritis

Local findings in temporal (giant cell) arteritis

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Temporal arteritis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 31/01/2024, published on 13/05/2023 [toc] temporal arteritis (TA), also known as giant cell arteritis (GCA), is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis of medium and large-sized arteries that primarily affects elderly adults the temporal artery is most commonly involved aorta and the subclavian, iliac, ophthalmic, ... Read more

Subclavian (vertebral) steal syndrome

Grades of subclavian (vertebral) steal on Doppler ultrasound

NEUROIMAGING / NEUROSONOLOGY Subclavian (vertebral) steal syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 16/03/2024, published on 13/05/2023 [toc] steal syndrome (or phenomenon), in general, is a phenomenon where blood flow is redirected ("stolen") from one area to another, typically due to collateral circulation or the presence of a high-flow A-V shunt subclavian steal syndrome, also known as ... Read more

CARASIL

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY CARASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Recessive Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 04/02/2024, published on 12/05/2023 [toc] Definition CARASIL is a very rare (probably underdiagnosed) hereditary disease affecting the small cerebral vessels, spine, and hair follicles caused by a mutation in the HTRA1 gene on chromosome 10q ... Read more

Bamford/Oxford classification of ischemic stroke

Occlusion of the superior M2 branch of the MCA

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION Bamford/Oxford classification of ischemic stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/10/2023, published on 11/05/2023 the Bamford classification (also known as the Oxford classification) categorizes ischemic stroke based on the initial presenting symptoms and clinical signs. This system is based on clinical findings alone and does not require imaging to classify the stroke ... Read more

Moyamoya disease

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Moyamoya disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 04/03/2024, published on 11/05/2023 [toc] progressive stenoocclusive disorder affecting the terminal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and proximal segments of the arteries forming the circle of Willis (ACA, MCA, PCA) an abnormal network of fine collateral arteries (lenticulostriate arteries, thalamic perforators, ... Read more