tia | STROKE MANUAL

Carotid Body Tumor

ADD-ONS / OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS Carotid Body Tumor David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 02/05/2024, published on 21/11/2021 [toc] the carotid body tumor (glomus tumor) is a rare tumor, but it represents the most common extra-adrenal paraganglioma more common in females, typically diagnosed in the 4th to 5th decade of life most cases are sporadic; 10% are ... Read more

Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs)

ADD-ONS / MEDICATION / ANTICOAGULANTS Low Molecular Weight Heparins ( LMWHs ) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 02/12/2023, published on 18/11/2021 [toc] Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) are anticoagulant drugs derived from Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization, transforming longer heparin chains into shorter ones. These shorter strands give LMWH a longer duration and ... Read more

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in acute stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ACUTE THERAPY Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in acute stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/12/2023, published on 16/11/2021 [toc] Antithrombotic therapy in acute stroke antithrombotic medication is crucial in stroke prevention, as it significantly reduces the risk of both initial and recurrent strokes antiplatelet therapy is the preferred treatment for lesions characterized by ... Read more

Cancer-related stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Cancer-related stroke [toc] cancer patients are at increased risk of not only venous (VTE) but also arterial thromboembolism (ATE), including stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) [Mulder, 2021] [Babak, 2015] stroke is not the most common complication of cancer-associated thrombosis; the hazard ratio (HR) for stroke is ~ 1.44 [Paterson, ... Read more

Recanalization therapy in anticoagulated patients

M1 segment occlusion on CTA and NCCT (with a dense artery sign)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ACUTE THERAPY Recanalization therapy in anticoagulated patients David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 21/12/2023, published on 11/11/2021 [toc] ischemic stroke may occur despite anticoagulation, either due to subtherapeutic anticoagulation, non-compliance, or a prothrombotic condition that increases the clotting risk despite anticoagulation anticoagulants complicate the decision-making process for thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic ... Read more

Idarucizumab (PRAXBIND)

ADD-ONS / ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY Idarucizumab (PRAXBIND) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 17/03/2024, published on 10/11/2021 [toc] the use of idarucizumab as an antidote to reverse the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran was approved by the FDA in October 2015 [Cassels, 2015] it has a 300-fold greater affinity for thrombin than does dabigatran indicated for adult patients ... Read more

Pulmonary A-V malformation

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) on MR angiography (Schneider, 2008)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND PATHOGENESIS Pulmonary A-V malformation David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 03/03/2024, published on 31/10/2021 [toc] pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) comprises abnormal connections between pulmonary arteries and veins synonyms: pulmonary AVM, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm PAVMs are rare in the general population it is estimated that 70-80% of PVAMs are related ... Read more

Fibrinolytic drugs

ISCHEMIC STROKE / RECANALIZATION THERAPY Fibrinolytic drugs David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/05/2024, published on 26/10/2021 [toc] Comments on hemostasis blood clotting is a fundamental homeostatic mechanism the participation of different systems is necessary: vascular wall (vasoconstriction) platelets (adhesion → activation → aggregation) with the formation of a primary plug plasma coagulation factors → thrombin formation ... Read more

Intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ACUTE THERAPY Intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/11/2023, published on 22/10/2021 [toc] All patients with suspected acute stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) require immediate clinical evaluation to establish the diagnosis and to determine eligibility for intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is the standard ... Read more

MR-DWI in the acute stroke diagnosis

Hemorrhagic transformation (DWI with T2 blackout)

NEUROIMAGING / MAGNETIC RESONANCE MR-DWI in the acute stroke diagnosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/05/2024, published on 24/05/2021 [toc] Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a common MRI sequence used to evaluate acute ischemic stroke. Increased DWI signal in ischemic brain tissue is usually observed within minutes of arterial occlusion. Technical notes ischemia leads to diffusion restriction ... Read more