Acute stroke complications

Bleeding classification after Stroke and Reperfusion Therapy (ECASS II)
ISCHEMIC STROKE / COMPLICATIONS Acute stroke complications David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/03/2024, published on 20/02/2023 [toc] typically, the neurological deficit is maximal at the onset of the stroke and may subsequently improve (either spontaneously or due to recanalization therapy) however, stroke patients are at risk of a variety of complications that may lead to death ... Read more

Stroke and migraine

Young female migraineur complained of prolonged visual aura and vertigo followed by migrainous headache. DWI demonstrated small cortical infarction in the right occipital lobe
ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATOGENESIS Stroke and migraine David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/11/2023, published on 17/02/2023 [toc] migraine is the most common neurological disorder, affecting 10-15% of the adult population there is increasing evidence of an association between migraine and vascular disease (ischemic stroke, subclinical brain lesions, cardiac events, and vascular mortality)  [Lee, 2016] ... Read more

Stroke and celiac disease

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Stroke and celiac disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 07/11/2023, published on 16/02/2023 [toc] Celiac disease is a rare cause of ischemic stroke, and it may occur even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms It is essential to consider this diagnosis with regard to the manageability of the disease with ... Read more

Stroke and idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)

Crohn disease
ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOPATHOGENESIS Stroke and idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 10/01/2024, published on 16/02/2023 [toc] idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with unknown etiopathogenesis. Generallly, idiopathic IBDs include the following forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) - characterized by transmural segmental involvement Crohn's disease (CD) ... Read more

Neurosonology in intensive care

Measurement of the third ventricle on the ultrasound
NEUROIMAGING / NEUROSONOLOGY Neurosonology in intensive care David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 25/01/2024, published on 15/02/2023 [toc] Monitoring of intracranial hypertension B-mode Midline shift transtemporal approach, using the thalamic plane set the depth to 15-16 cm from both temporal approaches, measure the distance of the midline structures (preferably the middle of the third ventricle) from the ... Read more

Vertebrobasilar steno-occlusive disease

Vertebrobasilar steno-occlusive disease
ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Vertebrobasilar steno-occlusive disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/01/2024, published on 06/02/2023 [toc] the vertebrobasilar (VB) system (also called posterior circulation) comprises the subclavian, vertebral, and basilar arteries and their branches; it supplies the cervical spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, and occipital lobes → anatomy of cerebral arteries posterior circulation is frequently ... Read more

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA)

Surgical treatment of an acute ischemic stroke
ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/04/2024, published on 31/01/2023 [toc] carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the gold standard for treating significant carotid artery stenosis (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) randomized trials have confirmed that CEA is more effective than conservative treatment: symptomatic stenosis (NASCET, ECST, joint data analysis of ACTS, NASCET, ... Read more

Patent foramen ovale (PFO)

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION Patent foramen ovale (PFO) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/03/2024, published on 25/01/2023 [toc] AAN guidelines 2020 - Practice Advisory Update Summary: Patent Foramen Ovale and Secondary Stroke Prevention before birth, the atrial septum is formed by two leaves. After birth, the pressure rises in the left atrium, and the two leaves ... Read more

TCD/TCCD bubble test

TCD/TCCD bubble test with proof of right-to-left shunt (grade II-IV)
NEUROIMAGING / NEUROSONOLOGY TCD/TCCD bubble test David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 11/03/2024, published on 13/01/2023 [toc] Indications the TCD/TCCD bubble test (bubble study) is designed for the detection of right-to-left shunts, particularly Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) a cost-effective, safe, and non-invasive imaging modality ideal for screening purposes Bubble study procedure the test simulates a paradoxical embolism ... Read more

Carotid artery web

Carotid artery web
ISCHEMIC STROKE Carotid artery web David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/03/2024, published on 12/01/2023 [toc] Definition the carotid artery web (CaW) is characterized by a thin fibrous membrane extending from the posterior wall of the carotid bulb into the lumen, just above the bifurcation it is considered a variant of fibromuscular dysplasia  [Kim, 2019] various synonyms ... Read more

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