CADASIL

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 20/03/2024, published on 11/05/2023 [toc] Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary disease characterized almost exclusively by neurological manifestations (premature small vessel disease, migraines, etc.) it typically affects individuals ... Read more

MELAS

Typical MRI lesions in MELAS
ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY MELAS Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/01/2024, published on 10/05/2023 [toc] Definition MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) is a mitochondrial multisystem disease primarily affecting the nervous system and muscles one of the most common mitochondrial diseases, with an estimated incidence ... Read more

Fabry disease

Cornea verticillata
ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Fabry disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/12/2023, published on 10/05/2023 [toc] Etiopathogenesis Fabry disease (FD) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder that can cause severe damage in multiple organs, particularly the kidneys and heart first described by Anderson and Fabry in 1898 as angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (also known ... Read more

Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome - thumb and wrist sign
ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Marfan syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 07/11/2023, published on 09/05/2023 [toc] Marfan syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder individuals with Marfan syndrome are typically tall and thin, with unusually long arms, legs, fingers, and toes; the condition may become life-threatening due to aortic involvement Etiopathogenesis inherited connective tissue ... Read more

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy with repeated lobar hematomas
CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 22/04/2024, published on 13/04/2023 [toc] a heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) in the walls of small to medium-sized cerebral and leptomeningeal vessels in the absence of systemic amyloidosis sporadic form - affects mainly the elderly population ... Read more

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus
ISCHEMIC STROKE / PREVENTION / RISK FACTORS Diabetes mellitus David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 05/02/2024, published on 20/02/2023 [toc] Definition diabetes is a syndrome characterized by the inability of the body to process glucose and maintain its levels within physiological limits due to absolute (↓ secretion) or relative insulin deficiency (↑ resistance), resulting in altered glycide, ... Read more

Stroke and celiac disease

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Stroke and celiac disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 07/11/2023, published on 16/02/2023 [toc] Celiac disease is a rare cause of ischemic stroke, and it may occur even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms It is essential to consider this diagnosis with regard to the manageability of the disease with ... Read more

Stroke and idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)

Crohn disease
ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOPATHOGENESIS Stroke and idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 10/01/2024, published on 16/02/2023 [toc] idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with unknown etiopathogenesis. Generallly, idiopathic IBDs include the following forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) - characterized by transmural segmental involvement Crohn's disease (CD) ... Read more

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)

OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS / OCULAR VASCULAR DISORDERS Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/02/2024, published on 29/04/2022 [toc] Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) Guidelines 2022 Ocular vascular disorders Ocular vascular disorders Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) anterior (AION) arteritic non-arteritic posterior (PION) Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) → more (the most common retinal vascular occlusive ... Read more

Neutralization of the anticoagulant effects

ADD-ON / MEDICATION / ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY Neutralization of the anticoagulant effects David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 21/03/2024, published on 04/02/2022 [toc] Indications for modification/discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy anticoagulation reversal in acute bleeding (including intracranial hemorrhage) the annual risk of ICH for VKA is 0.3-0.6% and 0.1-0.2% for DOAC  [Schlunk, 2015] anticoagulated patients (warfarin > DOAC) are ... Read more

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