stroke | STROKE MANUAL

MELAS

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY MELAS Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/01/2024, published on 10/05/2023 [toc] Definition MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) is a mitochondrial multisystem disease primarily affecting the nervous system and muscles one of the most common mitochondrial diseases, with an estimated incidence ... Read more

Fabry disease

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Fabry disease David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 26/12/2023, published on 10/05/2023 [toc] Etiopathogenesis Fabry disease (FD) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder that can cause severe damage in multiple organs, particularly the kidneys and heart first described by Anderson and Fabry in 1898 as angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (also known ... Read more

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger´s disease)

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger´s disease) David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 29/01/2024, published on 10/05/2023 [toc] Definition Buerger’s disease (also known as thromboangiitis obliterans) is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental inflammatory disease that most commonly affects small and medium-sized arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities cerebrovascular involvement is rare but has ... Read more

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Ehlers-Danlos syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 14/01/2024, published on 09/05/2023 [toc] Definition and pathophysiology Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue disorders characterized by hyperelastic skin, hypermobile joints, and vascular and other tissue fragility defects in connective tissue cause the signs and symptoms, which range ... Read more

Marfan syndrome

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Marfan syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 07/11/2023, published on 09/05/2023 [toc] Marfan syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder individuals with Marfan syndrome are typically tall and thin, with unusually long arms, legs, fingers, and toes; the condition may become life-threatening due to aortic involvement Etiopathogenesis inherited connective tissue ... Read more

Aortic dissection

OTHER VASCULAR DISORDERS Aortic dissection David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 07/11/2023, published on 05/05/2023 [toc] the aorta is the main artery of the human body, divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic and abdominal segments in healthy adults, the aorta is usually less than 40 mm in diameter and gradually narrows downwards aorta increases its diameter ... Read more

Arterial dissection

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY Arterial dissection David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 18/03/2024, published on 05/05/2023 [toc] ESO guidelines for the management of extracranial and intracranial artery dissection (2021) Treatment and Outcomes of Cervical Artery Dissection in Adults: A Scientific Statement From the AHA (2024) Definition and pathophysiology arterial dissection is characterized by a tear ... Read more

Antiphospholipid syndrome

ISCHEMIC STROKE / CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS Antiphospholipid syndrome David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 11/01/2024, published on 28/04/2023 [toc] antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune disease the diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical symptoms (thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity) along with persistently elevated titers of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA or aPL) most people are diagnosed between ... Read more

Assessment and classification of atherosclerotic plaques

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOLOGY Assessment and classification of atherosclerotic plaques David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 18/11/2023, published on 18/04/2023 Atherosclerosis atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic, progressive systemic disease affecting the arterial wall that is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries the disease involves the accumulation of lipids, calcium, and other blood components ... Read more

Aortic arch atherosclerosis

ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETIOPATHOGENESIS Aortic arch atherosclerosis David Goldemund M.D.Updated on 06/11/2023, published on 16/04/2023 [toc] Anatomy the aorta is the main and largest artery in the human body it originates from the left ventricle and extends down to the abdomen, where it branches into the common iliac arteries and a small median sacral artery ... Read more